The changes in work

In modern societies, individuals have different occupations: a phenomenon linked to industrial development.
In traditional cultures, as it has been seen, the majority of the population was engaged in the only main task i.e. the collection and production of food. In larger companies there were also various crafts: woodwork, stonework, shipbuilding, but only a minority of the population was full-time employed.
In all cultures, in each case, work is the basis of the economic system consisting of those institutions which ensure the production and distribution of goods and services.
One of the most distinctive features of the modern economic system is the development of a complex and diversified division of labor: the work is divided into a huge number of different occupations in which individuals specialize. In traditional societies, non-agricultural work consisted rather in the exercise of a profession that was acquired through a long apprenticeship.

With the rise of modern society, many traditional crafts disappeared altogether, while most of those which survived were incorporated in the increasingly large production process.
In traditional communities the majority of the population (dedicated to agriculture) was economically self-sufficient, producing food, clothing and other items to meet their own needs. One of the main features of industrialized societies, by contrast, is the enormous expansion of economic interdependence: for the products and services necessary for our sustainment, we depend on a countless number of other workers, with some minor exceptions, in modern societies the vast majority of individuals does not produce the food which they eat, houses in which they live and material goods which they consume.
Within the industrial economy work is divided into three sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary activities are those involving the collection or extraction of natural resources: the primary sector of the economy included agriculture, mining, forestry and fishing.

With the increase of the continuous use of the machinery and the construction of factories, the majority of workers was absorbed by the secondary sector, i.e. those activities that transform raw materials into finished goods.

In the tertiary sector there are finally service activities: occupations that instead of producing goods provide services to other social groups, such as medicine, teaching, managerial and clerical jobs. In developing countries about three-quarters of the workforce is engaged in agriculture, while the rest is distributed equally between industry and services. In industrialized countries, however, only a small part of the population is engaged in agricultural production. Another important trend in industrialized societies is the expansion of the service sector: in Italy, for example, in 1871, only 20% of the workforce was employed in this sector; today it has risen to more than 59%.

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The family and the influence of the industrial society

Since the 17th century in Europe small farm families have begun to be expelled from the farms that had been rented, as they began to develop commercial agriculture on a large scale: this process of expulsion was then greatly accelerated by industrialization, while the production of goods and services moved to factories, workshops and offices. People (especially men and, at first, boys) left home to go to work, the family was no longer a productive unit, having the "workplace" they exceeded home, the place where the family was also joined by the working point of view.

The transformations, within the family, in industrialized society, initially touched the upper classes: they were the first agricultural, commercial and industrial entrepreneurs that began to break free of traditional constraints and community ties typical of the previous period.

The role of men, women and children was transformed by these changes.

From the early days of industrialization, many women began to work outside the home, at the same time taking care of children. Among the most affluent groups, however, a widespread belief was that "a woman's place is home," while a man is responsible for "earning bread": many married women became "desperate housewives", unpaid domestic workers, whose role was to take care of her husband and children.

With the approval of laws that restricted child labor and those who required compulsory education, the situation of children changed over time.

READ ALSO:

The first industrial revolution

The second industrial revolution

The changes made by the industrial society

The industrial societies and transformations

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The experiment of Dr. Moerman in search to discover the enemy of cancer

Dr. C. Moerman has achieved great success with his anti-cancer diet. Despite having met an understandable hostility from the official medicine, the results he obtained are absolutely right.

Since childhood Dr. Moerman has taken care of homing pigeons with love and dedication. He had just opened the doctor's office when one day a boy showed up with a sick homing pigeon, and his father had seen the vet and it had been diagnosed with cancer. What could be done? Dr. Moerman made his first experiment on this pigeon. With a syringe he aspirated tumor tissue and inoculated into a healthy pigeon: the sick bird died after a few weeks, and that pigeon that had been inoculated with tumor cells remained healthy.

Then Dr. Moerman got in touch with a large German pharmaceutical company from which he used to buy drugs. He wanted to know how many pigeons correspond to an adult. His answer was: 24. At the same time, however, the Research Department of the company pointed out that it was impossible to induce cancer artificially in healthy pigeons. The news agreed with the results recorded by Moerman in his experiment and confirmed his thesis: a healthy homing pigeon with metabolism must possess a mysterious inhibitor that prevents the onset of cancer. The compromised state of health, making it inefficient or destroying “inhibitor”, makes possible the development of cancer.

At this point, Dr. Moerman had the idea of ​​using pigeons not to cause the onset of cancer, but to try to understand why healthy animals do not contract cancer, how they are able to kill cancer cells . In order to discover the mysterious enemy of cancer, it is offered first to determine which substances in food ensure normal health, or better to say optimal health.

In other words, aided by the fact that the homing pigeon eats basically the same food that people, he set to conquer the fortress attacking the other side, not from the end but from the beginning of the disease process.

Dr. Moerman began his new experiment first with two, then four cages of 24 pigeons each. In order to determine the influence of exercise on health state and so on oxidative processes a substance in food proceeded as follows: first for a few weeks the birds were given the usual mixed birdseed. Results: health did not change in both cages. Then, for the pigeons of the first cage the drinking water was replaced with yeast. Since yeast is rich in B vitamins, the pigeons of the second cage were given food completely devoid of vitamins of group B. Crumbs of white bread were supplied to them instead of wheat, instead of barley and brown rice they were given white rice, beans, peas and corn continued to be part of their diet. After a few weeks it became evident the following difference: the pigeons of the first cage "were in perfect shape", what couldn’t be said about the second cage. They were sent to a flight of several hundred miles, and then there was no longer the slightest doubt that the birds of the first cage returned in excellent condition - sprightly and perky and waving their wings vigorously, those of the second cage were visibly exhausted moving wings with considerable effort. For Dr. Moerman this showed that they had diminished the ability of oxidation, and that is why less energy was generated. He proceeded in the same way to study the effects of the deficiency also of other substances present in food. For the pigeons of the first cage the content of vitamin E increased by feeding them wheat germs and tablets of vitamin E dissolved in drinking water, whose dosage could readily be determined because he knew that the metabolism of 24 pigeons, and the amount of which man needs daily was reported in the product package preparations of vitamin E.

The pigeons of the second cage were given the usual birdseed. The results were similar to those recorded in the experiment with B vitamins. Thus he confirms the enormous importance of vitamin E. A few years earlier he had given it to a pigeon of 11 years old, who later had even won an international prize in a competition flight of 1300 km (from Barcelona to Holland).

So he began to experiment the action of iodine and citric acid on the basis of what is stated by the producers of wine in the Bordeaux region.

Experiments with pigeons provided the incontrovertible evidence that to ensure the preservation of health, food must absolutely contain eight substances:

Vitamin A, vitamins of group B, vitamin C, vitamin E, citric acid, iodine, sulfur and iron, and the chronic deficiency of these substances decreases the oxidation, in favor of intracellular fermentation processes, even in the presence of sufficient quantity of oxygen, opens the way for the proliferation of cancer cells.

Having found out this, one day Dr. Moerman uttered the memorable phrase "a homing pigeon allows us to unravel the mystery of cancer."

This discovery, especially important because it highlights the potential impact of the deficiency or absence of the eight above mentioned substances - in particular on the development of tumor cells - was made by Dr. Moerman already in the 30s.

• From the book “How to cure cancer with natural therapy” (Moerman therapy) by Jacomine Landman-Kasper published by Hermes edition in 1980

The Third World

To get the full picture and be able to make further considerations on industrial society, it is impossible not to pay attention to the "Third World."

This expression was originally intended to designate an opposition between three main types of societies founded in the twentieth century.

The countries of the "First World", i.e. industrialized countries (Europe, the USA, Australia, Asia and Japan) almost all of which had multiparty and parliamentary systems of government. The countries of the "Second World", made reference to the communist societies of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary), in which the economy was centrally planned: it was given a small role to private property and competitive economic enterprise. They were also one-party states: the Communist Party dominated both the political and the economic system. Today, the "second world", with the collapse of communism in the USSR and Eastern Europe, has disappeared.

The "Third World" remains, i.e. that part of the world (Asia-Africa-South America) which has a much lower level of industrial development, poor and most of the population is dedicated to agriculture. They are very poor societies, where the majority of the population still lives in rural areas and although agriculture remains the dominant form of economic activity, its products are often intended for sale on the world market, rather than for local consumption.

Those who live in industrialized societies depend on many raw materials and manufactured goods from Third World countries. Conversely the economy of the Third World largely depends on the commercial networks that connect them to the industrialized countries. The current system in the latter is fully understood only against the background of what is happening in the societies of the Third World, where the vast majority of the world population not for nothing lives.

• Dr. Antonio Gelsomino

READ ALSO:

The first industrial revolution

The second industrial revolution

The changes made by the industrial society

The industrial societies and transformations

The family and the influence of the industrial society

The changes in work

Trade unions